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Parser Object

Bases: object

Parser to parse a document or URL for microformats and output in various formats.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
doc file, string or BeautifulSoup doc

file handle, text of content to parse, or BeautifulSoup document. If None it will be fetched from given URL.

None
url string

URL of the file to be processed. If None it will be extracted from the <base> element of given doc.

None
html_parser string

optional, select a specific HTML parser. Valid options from the BeautifulSoup documentation are: "html", "xml","html5", "lxml", "html5lib", and "html.parser".

None
expose_dom boolean

optional, expose the DOM of embedded properties.

False
metaformats boolean

optional, include metaformats extracted from OGP and Twitter card data: https://microformats.org/wiki/metaformats

False
filter_roots boolean or list

optional, filter root class names. Use True to filter known conflicting classes, otherwise filter given list.

False

Attributes:

Name Type Description
useragent string

the User-Agent string for the Parser

Source code in mf2py/parser.py
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class Parser(object):
    """
    Parser to parse a document or URL for microformats and output in various formats.

    Args:
      doc (file, string or BeautifulSoup doc): file handle, text of content
        to parse, or BeautifulSoup document. If None it will be fetched from
        given URL.
      url (string): URL of the file to be processed. If None it will be
        extracted from the `<base>` element of given doc.
      html_parser (string): optional, select a specific HTML parser. Valid options
        from the BeautifulSoup documentation are: "html", "xml","html5", "lxml",
        "html5lib", and "html.parser".
      expose_dom (boolean): optional, expose the DOM of embedded properties.
      metaformats (boolean): optional, include metaformats extracted from OGP
        and Twitter card data: https://microformats.org/wiki/metaformats
      filter_roots (boolean or list): optional, filter root class names. Use
        True to filter known conflicting classes, otherwise filter given list.

    Attributes:
      useragent (string): the User-Agent string for the Parser

    """

    ua_desc = "mf2py - microformats2 parser for python"
    ua_url = "https://github.com/microformats/mf2py"
    useragent = "{0} - version {1} - {2}".format(ua_desc, __version__, ua_url)

    def __init__(
        self,
        doc=None,
        url=None,
        html_parser=None,
        expose_dom=False,
        metaformats=False,
        filter_roots=False,
    ):
        self.__url__ = None
        self.__doc__ = None
        self._preserve_doc = False
        self.__parsed__ = {
            "items": [],
            "rels": {},
            "rel-urls": {},
            "debug": {
                "description": self.ua_desc,
                "source": self.ua_url,
                "version": __version__,
            },
        }
        self.lang = None
        self.expose_dom = expose_dom
        self.__metaformats = metaformats
        try:
            self.filtered_roots = set(filter_roots)
        except TypeError:
            if filter_roots:
                self.filtered_roots = mf2_classes.CONFLICTING_ROOTS_TAILWIND
            else:
                self.filtered_roots = []

        # use default parser if none specified
        self.__html_parser__ = html_parser or "html5lib"

        if url is not None:
            self.__url__ = url

            if doc is None:
                data = requests.get(
                    self.__url__,
                    headers={
                        "User-Agent": self.useragent,
                    },
                )

                # update to final URL after redirects
                self.__url__ = data.url

                # HACK: check for character encodings and use 'correct' data
                if "charset" in data.headers.get("content-type", ""):
                    doc = data.text
                else:
                    doc = data.content

        if doc is not None:
            if isinstance(doc, BeautifulSoup) or isinstance(doc, Tag):
                self.__doc__ = doc
                self._preserve_doc = True
            else:
                try:
                    # try the user-given html parser or default html5lib
                    self.__doc__ = BeautifulSoup(doc, features=self.__html_parser__)
                except FeatureNotFound:
                    # maybe raise a warning?
                    # else switch to default use
                    self.__doc__ = BeautifulSoup(doc)

        # update actual parser used
        # uses builder.NAME from BeautifulSoup
        if isinstance(self.__doc__, BeautifulSoup) and self.__doc__.builder is not None:
            self.__html_parser__ = self.__doc__.builder.NAME
        else:
            self.__html_parser__ = None

        # check for <base> tag
        if self.__doc__:
            poss_base = next(
                (el for el in get_descendents(self.__doc__) if el.name == "base"), None
            )
            if poss_base:
                poss_base_url = poss_base.get("href")  # try to get href
                if poss_base_url:
                    if urlparse(poss_base_url).netloc:
                        # base specifies an absolute path
                        self.__url__ = poss_base_url
                    elif self.__url__:
                        # base specifies a relative path
                        self.__url__ = try_urljoin(self.__url__, poss_base_url)

        if self.__doc__ is not None:
            if document := self.__doc__.find("html"):
                self.lang = document.attrs.get("lang")
            # parse!
            self._parse()

    def _parse(self):
        """Does the work of actually parsing the document. Done automatically
        on initialization.
        """
        self._default_date = None
        # _default_date exists to provide implementation for rules described
        # in legacy value-class-pattern. basically, if you have two dt-
        # properties and one does not have the full date, it can use the
        # existing date as a template.
        # see value-class-pattern#microformats2_parsers on wiki.
        # see also the implied_relative_datetimes testcase.

        def handle_microformat(
            root_class_names,
            el,
            value_property=None,
            simple_value=None,
            backcompat_mode=False,
        ):
            """Handles a (possibly nested) microformat, i.e. h-*"""
            properties = {}
            children = []
            self._default_date = None
            # for processing implied properties: collects if property types (p, e, u, d(t)) or children (h) have been processed
            parsed_types_aggregation = set()

            if backcompat_mode:
                el = backcompat.apply_rules(
                    el, self.__html_parser__, self.filtered_roots
                )
                root_class_names = mf2_classes.root(
                    el.get("class", []), self.filtered_roots
                )

            root_lang = el.attrs.get("lang")

            # parse for properties and children
            for child in get_children(el):
                (
                    child_props,
                    child_children,
                    child_parsed_types_aggregation,
                ) = parse_props(child, root_lang)
                for key, new_value in child_props.items():
                    prop_value = properties.get(key, [])
                    prop_value.extend(new_value)
                    properties[key] = prop_value
                children.extend(child_children)
                parsed_types_aggregation.update(child_parsed_types_aggregation)

            # complex h-* objects can take their "value" from the
            # first explicit property ("name" for p-* or "url" for u-*)
            if value_property and value_property in properties:
                simple_value = properties[value_property][0]

            # if some properties not already found find in implied ways unless in backcompat mode
            if not backcompat_mode:
                # stop implied name if any p-*, e-*, h-* is already found
                if "name" not in properties and parsed_types_aggregation.isdisjoint(
                    "peh"
                ):
                    properties["name"] = [
                        implied_properties.name(el, self.__url__, self.filtered_roots)
                    ]

                if "photo" not in properties and parsed_types_aggregation.isdisjoint(
                    "uh"
                ):
                    x = implied_properties.photo(el, self.__url__, self.filtered_roots)
                    if x is not None:
                        properties["photo"] = [x]

                # stop implied url if any u-* or h-* is already found
                if "url" not in properties and parsed_types_aggregation.isdisjoint(
                    "uh"
                ):
                    x = implied_properties.url(el, self.__url__, self.filtered_roots)
                    if x is not None:
                        properties["url"] = [x]

            # build microformat with type and properties
            microformat = {
                "type": [class_name for class_name in sorted(root_class_names)],
                "properties": properties,
            }
            if el.name == "area":
                shape = get_attr(el, "shape")
                if shape is not None:
                    microformat["shape"] = shape

                coords = get_attr(el, "coords")
                if coords is not None:
                    microformat["coords"] = coords

            # insert children if any
            if children:
                microformat["children"] = children

            Id = get_attr(el, "id")
            if Id:
                microformat["id"] = Id

            # simple value is the parsed property value if it were not
            # an h-* class
            if simple_value is not None:
                if isinstance(simple_value, dict):
                    # for e-* properties, the simple value will be
                    # {"html":..., "value":...}  which we should fold
                    # into the microformat object
                    # details: https://github.com/microformats/mf2py/issues/35
                    microformat.update(simple_value)
                else:
                    microformat["value"] = simple_value

            if root_lang:
                microformat["lang"] = root_lang
            elif self.lang:
                microformat["lang"] = self.lang
            return microformat

        def parse_props(el, root_lang):
            """Parse the properties from a single element"""
            props = {}
            children = []
            # for processing implied properties: collects if property types (p, e, u, d(t)) or children (h) have been processed
            parsed_types_aggregation = set()

            classes = el.get("class", [])
            filtered_classes = mf2_classes.filter_classes(classes)
            # Is this element a microformat2 root?
            root_class_names = filtered_classes["h"]
            backcompat_mode = False

            # Is this element a microformat1 root?
            if not root_class_names:
                root_class_names = backcompat.root(classes)
                backcompat_mode = True

            if root_class_names:
                parsed_types_aggregation.add("h")

            # Is this a property element (p-*, u-*, etc.) flag
            # False is default
            is_property_el = False

            # Parse plaintext p-* properties.
            p_value = None
            for prop_name in filtered_classes["p"]:
                is_property_el = True
                parsed_types_aggregation.add("p")
                prop_value = props.setdefault(prop_name, [])

                # if value has not been parsed then parse it
                if p_value is None:
                    p_value = parse_property.text(el, base_url=self.__url__)

                if root_class_names:
                    prop_value.append(
                        handle_microformat(
                            root_class_names,
                            el,
                            value_property="name",
                            simple_value=p_value,
                            backcompat_mode=backcompat_mode,
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    prop_value.append(p_value)

            # Parse URL u-* properties.
            u_value = None
            for prop_name in filtered_classes["u"]:
                is_property_el = True
                parsed_types_aggregation.add("u")
                prop_value = props.setdefault(prop_name, [])

                # if value has not been parsed then parse it
                if u_value is None:
                    u_value = parse_property.url(el, base_url=self.__url__)

                if root_class_names:
                    prop_value.append(
                        handle_microformat(
                            root_class_names,
                            el,
                            value_property="url",
                            simple_value=u_value,
                            backcompat_mode=backcompat_mode,
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    if isinstance(u_value, dict):
                        prop_value.append(u_value)
                    else:
                        prop_value.append(u_value)

            # Parse datetime dt-* properties.
            dt_value = None
            for prop_name in filtered_classes["dt"]:
                is_property_el = True
                parsed_types_aggregation.add("d")
                prop_value = props.setdefault(prop_name, [])

                # if value has not been parsed then parse it
                if dt_value is None:
                    dt_value, new_date = parse_property.datetime(el, self._default_date)
                    # update the default date
                    if new_date:
                        self._default_date = new_date

                if root_class_names:
                    stops_implied_name = True
                    prop_value.append(
                        handle_microformat(
                            root_class_names,
                            el,
                            simple_value=dt_value,
                            backcompat_mode=backcompat_mode,
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    if dt_value is not None:
                        prop_value.append(dt_value)

            # Parse embedded markup e-* properties.
            e_value = None
            for prop_name in filtered_classes["e"]:
                is_property_el = True
                parsed_types_aggregation.add("e")
                prop_value = props.setdefault(prop_name, [])

                # if value has not been parsed then parse it
                if e_value is None:
                    # send original element for parsing backcompat
                    if el.original is None:
                        embedded_el = el
                    else:
                        embedded_el = el.original
                    if self._preserve_doc:
                        embedded_el = copy.copy(embedded_el)
                    temp_fixes.rm_templates(embedded_el)
                    e_value = parse_property.embedded(
                        embedded_el, self.__url__, root_lang, self.lang, self.expose_dom
                    )

                if root_class_names:
                    stops_implied_name = True
                    prop_value.append(
                        handle_microformat(
                            root_class_names,
                            el,
                            simple_value=e_value,
                            backcompat_mode=backcompat_mode,
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    prop_value.append(e_value)

            # if this is not a property element, but it is a h-* microformat,
            # add it to our list of children
            if not is_property_el and root_class_names:
                children.append(
                    handle_microformat(
                        root_class_names, el, backcompat_mode=backcompat_mode
                    )
                )
            # parse child tags, provided this isn't a microformat root-class
            if not root_class_names:
                for child in get_children(el):
                    (
                        child_properties,
                        child_microformats,
                        child_parsed_types_aggregation,
                    ) = parse_props(child, root_lang)
                    for prop_name in child_properties:
                        v = props.get(prop_name, [])
                        v.extend(child_properties[prop_name])
                        props[prop_name] = v
                    children.extend(child_microformats)
                    parsed_types_aggregation.update(child_parsed_types_aggregation)
            return props, children, parsed_types_aggregation

        def parse_rels(el):
            """Parse an element for rel microformats"""
            rel_attrs = get_attr(el, "rel")
            # if rel attributes exist
            if rel_attrs is not None:
                # find the url and normalise it
                url = try_urljoin(self.__url__, el.get("href", ""))
                value_dict = self.__parsed__["rel-urls"].get(url, {})

                # 1st one wins
                if "text" not in value_dict:
                    value_dict["text"] = el.get_text().strip()

                url_rels = value_dict.get("rels", [])
                value_dict["rels"] = url_rels

                for knownattr in ("media", "hreflang", "type", "title"):
                    x = get_attr(el, knownattr)
                    # 1st one wins
                    if x is not None and knownattr not in value_dict:
                        value_dict[knownattr] = x

                self.__parsed__["rel-urls"][url] = value_dict

                for rel_value in rel_attrs:
                    value_list = self.__parsed__["rels"].get(rel_value, [])
                    if url not in value_list:
                        value_list.append(url)
                    if rel_value not in url_rels:
                        url_rels.append(rel_value)

                    self.__parsed__["rels"][rel_value] = value_list
                if "alternate" in rel_attrs:
                    alternate_list = self.__parsed__.get("alternates", [])
                    alternate_dict = {}
                    alternate_dict["url"] = url
                    x = " ".join([r for r in rel_attrs if not r == "alternate"])
                    if x != "":
                        alternate_dict["rel"] = x
                    alternate_dict["text"] = el.get_text().strip()
                    for knownattr in ("media", "hreflang", "type", "title"):
                        x = get_attr(el, knownattr)
                        if x is not None:
                            alternate_dict[knownattr] = x
                    alternate_list.append(alternate_dict)
                    self.__parsed__["alternates"] = alternate_list

        def parse_el(el, ctx):
            """Parse an element for microformats"""
            classes = el.get("class", [])

            # find potential microformats in root classnames h-*
            potential_microformats = mf2_classes.root(classes, self.filtered_roots)

            # if potential microformats found parse them
            if potential_microformats:
                result = handle_microformat(potential_microformats, el)
                ctx.append(result)
            else:
                # find backcompat root classnames
                potential_microformats = backcompat.root(classes)
                if potential_microformats:
                    result = handle_microformat(
                        potential_microformats, el, backcompat_mode=True
                    )
                    ctx.append(result)
                else:
                    # parse child tags
                    for child in get_children(el):
                        parse_el(child, ctx)

        ctx = []

        if self.__metaformats:
            # extract out a metaformats item, if available
            self.__metaformats_item = metaformats.parse(self.__doc__, url=self.__url__)

        # start parsing at root element of the document
        parse_el(self.__doc__, ctx)
        self.__parsed__["items"] = ctx
        if self.__metaformats and self.__metaformats_item:
            self.__parsed__["items"].append(self.__metaformats_item)

        # parse for rel values
        for el in get_descendents(self.__doc__):
            if el.name in ("a", "area", "link") and el.has_attr("rel"):
                parse_rels(el)

        # sort the rels array in rel-urls since this should be unordered set
        for url in self.__parsed__["rel-urls"]:
            if "rels" in self.__parsed__["rel-urls"][url]:
                rels = self.__parsed__["rel-urls"][url]["rels"]
                self.__parsed__["rel-urls"][url]["rels"] = unordered_list(rels)

        # add actual parser used to debug
        # uses builder.NAME from BeautifulSoup
        if self.__html_parser__:
            self.__parsed__["debug"]["markup parser"] = self.__html_parser__
        else:
            self.__parsed__["debug"]["markup parser"] = "unknown"

    def to_dict(self, filter_by_type=None):
        """Get a dictionary version of the parsed microformat document.

        Args:
          filter_by_type (string, optional): only include top-level items of
            the given h-* type. Defaults to None.

        Returns:
            dict: representation of the parsed microformats document
        """
        if filter_by_type is None:
            return self.__parsed__
        else:
            return [x for x in self.__parsed__["items"] if filter_by_type in x["type"]]

    def to_json(self, pretty_print=False, filter_by_type=None):
        """Get a json-encoding string version of the parsed microformats document

        Args:
          pretty_print (bool, optional): Encode the json document with
            linebreaks and indents to improve readability. Defaults to False.
          filter_by_type (bool, optional): only include top-level items of
            the given h-* type

        Returns:
            string: a json-encoded string
        """

        if pretty_print:
            return json.dumps(
                self.to_dict(filter_by_type), indent=4, separators=(", ", ": ")
            )
        else:
            return json.dumps(self.to_dict(filter_by_type))

to_dict(filter_by_type=None)

Get a dictionary version of the parsed microformat document.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filter_by_type string

only include top-level items of the given h-* type. Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Name Type Description
dict

representation of the parsed microformats document

Source code in mf2py/parser.py
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def to_dict(self, filter_by_type=None):
    """Get a dictionary version of the parsed microformat document.

    Args:
      filter_by_type (string, optional): only include top-level items of
        the given h-* type. Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        dict: representation of the parsed microformats document
    """
    if filter_by_type is None:
        return self.__parsed__
    else:
        return [x for x in self.__parsed__["items"] if filter_by_type in x["type"]]

to_json(pretty_print=False, filter_by_type=None)

Get a json-encoding string version of the parsed microformats document

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
pretty_print bool

Encode the json document with linebreaks and indents to improve readability. Defaults to False.

False
filter_by_type bool

only include top-level items of the given h-* type

None

Returns:

Name Type Description
string

a json-encoded string

Source code in mf2py/parser.py
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def to_json(self, pretty_print=False, filter_by_type=None):
    """Get a json-encoding string version of the parsed microformats document

    Args:
      pretty_print (bool, optional): Encode the json document with
        linebreaks and indents to improve readability. Defaults to False.
      filter_by_type (bool, optional): only include top-level items of
        the given h-* type

    Returns:
        string: a json-encoded string
    """

    if pretty_print:
        return json.dumps(
            self.to_dict(filter_by_type), indent=4, separators=(", ", ": ")
        )
    else:
        return json.dumps(self.to_dict(filter_by_type))